Special Topic Course No: CRP 395 - 71/ CRP 679 - 71 Spring Semester, 2008. Warren 309 Tuesday 2.00-5.00
Professor Margaret Grieco,
Visiting Full Professor,
Institute for African Development,
Cornell University
and
Professor of Transport and Society,
Napier University,
Edinburgh
e-mail at m.grieco@napier.ac.uk
This seminar will examine new developments in the relationship between Transport and Society with special reference to Africa. Transport organisation in Africa has been adversely affected by the dominance of colonial interests: for example, an overfocus on servicing extractive industries such as mining has resulted in imbalanced transport systems. Until very recently, transport planning in Africa was designed within policy frameworks which concentrated primarily on civil engineering schemes without appropriate or adequate reference to social dimensions. In the present, the global movement to roll back government has resulted in a strong policy focus on the decentralisation of services and this has been accompanied by a new and welcome focus on accessibility planning within the International Development Institutions. Accessibility planning is a more people focused approach and encompasses issues such as gender differences in travel needs and service patterns. The first part of the seminar/ course will explore the movement from colonial driven models of transport organisation in Africa to the contemporary local accessibility model of transport and service planning.
The second part of the seminar/ course will explore the range of cultural and social issues which impact upon transport organisation in sub-Saharan Africa. Within this framework, the differing transport cultures present in Africa are explored and their relevance for policy development identified.
Course materials: Many of the selected reading materials are available on line (the URLs are provided on the seminar topic list): materials not available on line will be placed by the instructor in the library on restricted loan.
Instruction format and assessment: Instruction format will be a combination of topic summary and overview by the instructor and class discussions of assigned readings. Assessment will be based on participation in class discussions and a class presentation of an outline of a final paper 20% and a paper on a relevant topic chosen by the student and approved by the instructor will account for 80% of the final grade. The length of the paper should be around 15 pages in double spacing.
Part one: From the dominance of extraction to the drive for social inclusion: a changing approach to transport in Africa.
Week 1: Introduction: the 'Transport and Society' approach.
Week 2: Transport organisation and colonial order: provision for extraction.
Headrick, D.R., 1981: The Tools of Empire. Chapter 14: African Transportation: Dreams and Realities. Oxford University Press.
Hoyle, B.S. and Hilling, D., (eds), 1982: Seaports and Development in Tropical Africa. Macmillan, London.
Week 3: Imported models, imposed skills: running the railways.
Mason, M., 1978: Working on the railway: forced labour in northern Nigeria, 1907-1912. In Gutkind, P.W., Cohen, R. and Copans, J. (eds), African Labour History, (Sage, London), pp. 56-79.
Pirie, G.H. (1993). Railway ganging in southern Africa, c. 1900-37. Journal of Transport History, 14, 64-76.
Vail, L., 1977: Railway development and colonial underdevelopment: the Nyasaland case. In Palmer, R. and Parsons, N. (eds) The Roots of Rural Poverty in Central and Southern Africa (University of California Press, Berkeley), pp. 365-395.
Week 4: South Africa's Pass Laws.
Schmidt, E.S. NOW YOU HAVE TOUCHED THE WOMEN: African Women`s Resistance to the Pass Laws in South Africa 1950-1960 @ http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/history/misc/schmi123.html
Week 5: Transport boycotts and popular resistance.
Grieco, M., Green, M. and L. Holmes, (2002)'Archiving social practice: the management of transport boycotts', in Organising in the Information Age Distributed Technology, Distributed Leadership, Distributed Identity, Distributed Discourse (Eds) L. Holmes, D. M. Hosking and M. Grieco. Ashgate Press. Click here for paper.
Week 6: Motorisation, civil engineering and development aid.
Mbara, T.C. (2002) Transport: How have African cities managed the sector? What are the possible options?, Urban and City Management Course for Africa, UMI, Kampala, March 2002 @http://info.worldbank.org/etools/docs/library/110868/kampala/docs/TRANSPORT-%20T%20MBARA.pdf see also http://www.bremen-initiative.de/lib/papers/zimbawe.pdf
Week 7: Stranded mobility, accessibility and the decentralisation of services.
South African Government, Department of Transport (n.d.) Moving South Africa: Transport strategy for 2020 @ http://www.transport.gov.za/projects/msa/msareport/msadraft82.html
Beavon, K.S.O. (1997)Johannesburg: A city and metropolitan area in transformation, in (Ed.)Rakodi, C.(1997)The urban challenge in Africa: Growth and management of its large cities.The United Nations University @ http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0g.htm
Edmonds, Geoff. (1998)Wasted time: the price of poor access. ILO http://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/recon/eiip/download/ratp/ratp03.pdf
World Bank (2003) Sub-Saharan Africa Transport Policy Program. @ http://www.worldbank.org/afr/ssatp/
Week 8: Jobs for the boys, loads for the girls: gender and transport in Africa.
Turner, J. (nd) Gender and transport: a resource portal @ http://www.cityshelter.org/13_mobil/02tend.htm(Unfortunately this site is presently down - as an alternative please go to Gender and transport - World Bank Website
Week 9: Pedalling to progress: bicycle use patterns in Africa.
Malmberg Calvo, C. (1994) Case Study on Intermediate Means of Transport: Bicycles and Rural Women in Uganda, World Bank, SSATP Working Paper No. 12.@ http://www.worldbank.org/gender/transport/Case_Studies/calvo12.htm
International Bicycle Fund (2003) Africa: Bike and non motorised transport @ http://www.ibike.org/africa.htm
Week 10: Maternal mortality and transport services.
UNFPA (2003) Targeted approaches (for reducing maternal mortality) in Africa: the case studies of Senegal and Mali @ http://www.unfpa.org/rh/mothers/case001.htm
Maternal mortality: Africa's burden - a transport and maternal mortality in Africa tool kit
Mutizwa-Mangiza, N. D. 1993. Urban informal transport policy: The case of emergency taxis in Harare. In: L. M. Zinyama, D. S. Tevera, and S. D. Cumming, eds., Harare: The Growth and Problems of the City. University of Zimbabwe, Harare, pp. 97-108.
Regional Prevention of Maternal Mortality Network @ http://www.rpmm.org/
Week 11: Petty trading and transport in Africa: a complex distribution network.
Grieco, M, Apt, N. and J. Turner, (1996) At Christmas and on rainy days: transport, travel and the female traders of Accra. Ashgate
Beavon, K. S. O. and C. M. Rogerson. 1990. Temporary trading for temporary people: The making of hawking in Soweto. In: D. Drakakis-Smith, ed., Economic Growth and Urbanization in Developing Areas. Routledge, London
Week 12: Child labour and West African fostering practices: the traffic in children.
World Bank,(2003)Child labor and children's time allocation in Africa @ http://wbln0018.worldbank.org/HDNet/hddocs.nsf/2d5135ecbf351de6852566a90069b8b6/2de0bc8ad5f3d3c585256848006b379a/$FILE/AFR-Benin%201214.pdf (Link not working - for an alternative go to http://www.unicef-icdc.org/publications/pdf/insight7.pdf
Week 13: IT connectivity, tele-communication and the servicing of rural Africa.
Grieco, M. (2002)Gender, social inclusion and rural infrastructure services.Report to World Bank @ http://www.transportandsociety.com/ruralinclusion.html
Blackman, K. (1998) For an African information society: Initiative seeks information technology access for every African @ http://www.un.org/ecosocdev/geninfo/afrec/subjindx/114spif2.htm
Week 14: Conclusion: IT and community participation in transport service design.
(Edited)Rakodi, C. (1997)The urban challenge in Africa: Growth and management of its large cities.The United Nations University @ http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue00.htm#Contents